Argentina's players were involved in a disputed World Cup quarterfinal victory against the Netherlands, which led to FIFA opening a disciplinary investigation against them.
The soccer regulatory body charged the Argentina soccer federation, citing "order and security at matches" under its disciplinary rule.
When the Dutch scored two late goals to force overtime, the game became heated and Argentina's substitutes and coaches encroached on the pitch.
After Argentina prevailed in the penalty shootout to end the 2-2 tie, there were further combative incidents on the pitch.
A World Cup record 17 players or coaching staff members were given yellow cards during or after the game, including Lionel Messi.
According to FIFA, Argentina and the Netherlands have both had disciplinary investigations launched after receiving five yellow cards in a single game.
Both federations might get the same $16,000 ($15,000 Swiss francs) fine that Saudi Arabia received twice from FIFA's disciplinary panel for team misbehaviour at this World Cup.
For the separate disturbance charge, Argentina will probably get a larger fine.
FIFA did not provide a timeline for decision-making, which at this World Cup has traditionally not been done prior to a team's next match.
Four minutes before Andres Iniesta scored to give Spain the victory, Netherlands defender John Heitinga drew a second caution around the hour mark.